Africa

=Essential Questions:= - How can political change cause conflict? Political change causes conflict because sometimes some people don't agree with the change or with what is going on and sometimes they want to and do everything in their power to voice their opinions, and this can lead to bigger problems. - How does the development of nationalism impact people, nations, and empires? Nationalism is how the people feel towards their homeland. High nationalism can lead to disagreement with other nations or even some people in their own nation. - How can political relationships affect economic relationships? Politics and economics work hand in hand. If the economic relationship isn't strong it could effect the good you export and import. - What characteristics and factors unite people as a nation? Celebrating holidays, traditions and culture, and also having the same goals, interests.

=**__Notes from Africa Video:__**=
 * Chinese emperor said China had everything they needed.
 * Europeans introduced opium to China to force open trade: created many drug addicts
 * China wanted to stop opium trade but incited a war between China and Britain
 * Britain won and gained control of trade ports and gave spheres of influence over China to Europe.
 * Scramble of Africa happened over one century.
 * Many people died but Europeans died through disease mostly
 * Africa resisted against European but failed mostly due to guns
 * Not all rulers in colonies were Europeans. Was ruled through indirect rule.
 * Rulers did it to get education, still had power, and were going to get destroyed should they resist.
 * Some African tribes were able to make use of European technology to help, others suffered because of it.
 * Ethiopia was able to successfully maintain independent and still create an empire of sorts.
 * Egypt had modernized only to get bankrupted and ended up giving up rule to Britain.
 * Europeans exploited developing nations like mines to gain resources.
 * Africa had resources to help Europe industrialize.
 * European depended on intermediary governments to rule.
 * Imperialism strikes upon the countries that seem to be the most vulnerable
 * Militarism crushes people (referring to the Maxam gun)
 * Come in with advanced technology
 * They are greedy
 * Take everything, only care for themselves
 * Rape the countries of their raw materials, left them with nothing

__** Map Questions : **__ https://docs.google.com/document/d/1anYZ7Nb-tuJzvHUtjzolJOz_FwoJIKCVhSkzqDPtEQc/edit

Like a cyclone, imperialism spins across the globe; militarism crushes peoples, and sucks the blood like a vampire. - By Karl Liebknecht

- I think this quote means that imperialism has a domino effect on the world, it causes negative changes to the nation. They would fights with weaker nations and have no mercy for them, they were selfish and only cared about themselves. It spreads through the world and kills what it touches, it sucks the life out of a nation. They come in with their powerful military and just wash out what they have. =__Scramble For Africa Mark Up__= https://docs.google.com/document/d/1Ohknflyf_oQrJOx4RCr4wkmTTmbWkHBfSPql3oGFgNQ/edit




 * Questions:
 * Why do the people in the back basket look like monkeys ?


 * Clues:
 * Rocks with words
 * going towards something that says civilization
 * carrying people
 * they're struggling
 * looks like uncle Sam
 * the people in front are happy
 * the ones in the back are ma
 * What is the message of the political cartoon?
 * The message is that in social Darwinism the people on top were stronger and felt as if their duty to bring everybody else to civilization.

=__New Imperialsim__= https://docs.google.com/document/d/1dq4psKXlSzoydJWxH7PNkVCp3E1GmbzvAmsJLZEuuZw/edit

=__Imperialism Frayer Model__=

=**__Notes on video:__**=
 * delegates from 16 different countries were brought together by chancellor Bismarck of Germany, with the intent to sit and talk about the splitting of Africa among themselves, and African nations were not represented in the meeting.
 * the culture and face of Africa were changed by the 6 months of declarations, secret talks, dreams of wealth as bargaining.
 * there was a race among Europeans to gain more territory
 * the future of Africa is included in the Berlin conference document, as it has the transcript of the conferencethe racist views that people had upon Africans was drilled into their minds
 * lines on the map of Africa are drawn by the conference, and made to today's boundaries of modern countries
 * The Berlin Conference document has the transcription of the conference written down that talks about the future of Africa.
 * Scramble for Africa was like a big strategic chess game.
 * Racist views of Africans was deeply ingrained in people's minds.
 * Conference draws lines on the map of Africa that are now the boundaries of modern countries today.

= = =White mans burden questions:= The white mans burden here was the american colonization and the responsibility they felt they had in order to show other nations and races how they should live. Educate the native The reward that the white man gets for carrying his burden is the blame of the ye guards and the cry of hosts ye humor. People will be proud of them for it, and they would also get rewarded in heaven He wrote this poem towards US imperialism. His audience most likely didn't agree with it at the time because its could be insulting to them. The white men in order to encourage them or the people interested in imperialism. If you supported imperialism you would agree with this poem, but if you were anti imperialism, you would not agree with this poem. The line I found most interesting was "Send forth the best ye breed" because this was the white mans goal, it was why the white man had a burden. They wanted to have everybody be like them because they were the "best breed", the white men had to send out thier best people in oreder to educate the others. = = =Black Mans Burden:= "Pile on the Black Man’s Burden." - This quote of the poem I think shows that the black mans burden was bigger than the white mans burden. There was no freedom if you were a black man, life for them was not fair and there was little they could do about it because they were not as strong as other nations. "Better by far defend it" and "With honor’s holy breath." these two quotes show that the black men do not believe in nor agree with what the white men are doing, and their resons are not legit, the black men are going to fight it.
 * 1. According to Kipling, and in your own words, what was the “White Man’s Burden”?**
 * 2. What reward did Kipling suggest the “White Man” gets for carrying his “burden”?**
 * 3. Who did Kipling think would read his poem? What do you think that this audience might have said in response to it?**
 * 4. What lines of the poem did you find the most interesting and why?**

Significance of the Berlin Conference in 5 words:

 * Separation (They were dividing Africa between nations)
 * Agreements (More powerful nations were trying to reach an agreement)
 * Unfairness (The bigger nations were beign unfair to the Africans because they didn't even ask their opinions but were messing with their land)
 * Growth (Certian nations like Europe were doing this inorder to get bigger and more powerful)
 * Greed (All nations involved were very greedy and only cared about themselves)

// " Throughout history it has been the inaction of those who could have acted, the indifference of those who should have known better, the silence of the voice of justice when it mattered that has made it possible for evil to triumph." ** Haille Selassie, Ethiopian emperor, 1892-1975 ** // Questions to consider ** : ** // **"On French Colonial Expansion" A Speech before the French Chamber of Deputies, March 28, 1884, by Jules Ferry (1832-1893): Ferry was twice prime minister of France, from (1880-1881, 1883-1885)** // // Gentlemen, we must speak more loudly and more honestly! We must say openly that indeed the higher races have a right over the lower races... // // I repeat, that the superior race races have a right because they have a duty. They have the duty to civilize inferior races...In the history of earlier centuries these duties gentlemen have been misunderstood; and certainly when the Spanish soldiers and explorers introduced slavery into Central America, they did not fulfill their duty as men of a higher race....But inour time, I maintain that European nations acquit themselves with generosity, with grandeur, and with sincerity of this superior civilizing duty. // // I say that French colonial policy, the policy of colonial expansion, the policy that has taken us under the Empire, that has led us to Tunisia, to Madagascar- I say this policy of colonial expansion was inspired by...the fact that a navy such as ours cannot do withtout safe harbors, defenses, supply centers on the high seas...Are you unaware of this? Look at the map of the world. // //"The Rhodes of Colossus: Striding from Cape Town to Cairo"// **Published in Punch, or the London Charivari, December 10, 1982.** ** Artists: Linley Sambourne **
 * Document 1:**
 * ** What is the perspective of the author? What events might have caused the author to think as he does? **
 * His perspective is that when people think something is wrong they should speak out before it gets worse, don't be the person who says its not me because one day it will be and you wont be able to not do anything.
 * ** Why might the author be making this statement? **
 * The author is probably making this statement because of the events that were going on and how people would stand up and say it something they just went along with it.
 * ** How does the quote relate to Imperialism in Africa? Explain. **
 * It relates to imperialism because if someone had said something about it it wouldnt of gone as far as it did, it would of stopped before it got bad.
 * Document 2:**
 * **Who is the author of this piece of evidence? What is his viewpoint?**
 * Jules ferry, his view point is that the European nations are superior to all others and they must use this superiority to their advantage.
 * **What justifications does he offer to support his viewpoint?**
 * He supports his view points by bringing in the slaves, he says hows how the Spanish soldiers didn't fulfill their duty as the higher race but they must do right what they did wrong.
 * **Why might he be giving this speech? What is the purpose of this speech?**
 * **What does the speech tell you about life and attitudes of that time?**
 * this shows how people thought they were the best and how they were superior to everyone else, also they thought they were at the top of the world, especially the Europeans.
 * Document 3:**

> It was published in the London Charivari, Decemeber 10, 1982. The impact it has is that the region that it was made in would think that this is bias to them. > It says "from cape town to cairo" because the man is stepping on those two citys, and this represents how he is protecting this land from the tip of it in the north to the tip of it in the south, hes pretty much saying hes going to protect all of it, every last bit of it. > They are showing how they are taking over and it seems to be Cecil Rhodes on top of the Africa, it shows how this man was the politician in Africa and how he started to protect this land and he was standing up for what the people were doing. > He doesnt like what all these Europeans nations are doing to Africa and he doesnt agree with imperialism. He thinks that it is wrong and he is showing how this man is trying to protect the land that everyone is taking advantage of.
 * Where and when was this political cartoon published? What impact might this have on its perspective and bias?**
 * **What meaning does the title give to the Illustration? Why might the author have chosen the words he did/ (colossus, striding, Cape Town and Cairo)**
 * **Who is being depicted in this political cartoon? (research cartoon) What objects do you see?**
 * **What is the artists viewpoint? What evidence from the political cartoon supports your claim?**

=__//**Document 4**://__= "//**Moshweshewe: Letter ton Sir George Grey, 1858" written by Mark X of Moshweshewe, Chief of the Basutos**//.

__**Mark up :**__ []

Mark X, the chief of the Basuto tribe in Moshweshewe, is the author of this letter. He's writing the letter to inform Sir George Grey of the situation that him and his tribe have been put into by the invasive Boers and other high-ranking British officials, asking for help to stop their unfair territorial advances. The Boers were South Africans of Dutch or German descent that would regularly fight with the native populations of Southern Africa and the British empire. They provide evidence of a common enemy among the British and the Basutos, which would help convey a message of real danger from the chief to the British officials. Sir P. Maitland was the governor of the Cape of Good Hope for a short while and was respected by the people of Lesotho when he offered a border dispute solution. I do not think that the letter was successful, because the British would keep expanding their territory in South Africa for years to come. The chief was an African man, and the British wouldn't dare to be commanded by an "uncivilized savage", especially if the chief had already talked to "Sir George Napier".
 * **Who is the author? Why is he writing the letter? What is the purpose?**
 * **The letter included the names of several individuals and groups. Who are these individuals and groups? How do they impact the meaning of the letter? (you will have to research names and groups as example Boers, Harry Smith....)**
 * **Do you think the letter was successful in fulfilling its purpose? Why or why not? Use evidence (quotes) from the letter to support your claim.**

=__//**Document 5**://__= So we surrendered to the White people and were told to go back to our homes and live our usual lives and attend to our crops. We were treated like slaves. They came and were overbearing. We were ordered to carry their clothes and bundles. They harmed our wives and our daughters. How the rebellion started I do not know; there was no organization, it was like a fire that suddenly flames up. I had an old gun. They—the White men—fought us with big guns, machine guns, and rifles. Many of our people were killed in this fight: I saw four of my cousins shot. We made many charges but each time we were defeated.But for the White men’s machine guns, it would have been different. They were treated like animals, this could be considered dehumanization towards the Africans, they came into their land and just started beating them and taking their homes and mistreating their wives and etc. they caused of lot of damage to the Africans. The rebellion was unsuccessful because the white men had more guns and more troops, they also had stronger weapons that were better in the defeating of the Africans, many died. = = =__//**Document 6**://__=
 * Source: Ndansi Kumalo, African veteran of the Ndebele Rebellion against British advances in southern Africa, 1896.**
 * **How were the the people of southern Africa treated by the imperialists?**
 * **Why was the African rebellion unsuccessful?**
 * Source: Mojimba, African chief, describing a battle in 1877 on the Congo River against British and African mercenaries, as told to a German Catholic missionary in 1907.**

And still those bangs went on; the long sticks spat fire, pieces of iron whistled around us,fell into the water with a hissing sound, and our brothers continued to fall. We ran into our village and they ran after us. We fled into the forest and flung ourselves on the ground. When we returned that evening our eyes beheld fearful things: our brothers, dead, bleeding, our village plundered and burned, and the river full of dead bodies.You call us wicked men, but you White men are much more wicked! You think because you have guns you can take away our land and our possessions. You have sickness in your heads, for this is not justice Mojimba, he has an African Chief. It refers to a battle in 1877 on the Congo river against British and African mercenaries. It is clear that the Britsh force is much stronger as the African force and we cant tell that by when they say that "they ran after us" and when they say "our brothers continued to fall" these two quotes shows how the British force was much stronger and how they were killing and beating the African force. His opinion of the British is that they are sick people and they are not right in doing this, he even says that they are sick in their heads and this is not just. = = =__//**Document 7**://__=
 * **Who is the author of this source? What does it refer to?**
 * **Describe the strength of the sides in this battle using evidence from the text.**
 * **What is the chief's opinion of the British?**
 * Source: German military officer, account of the 1905 Maji Maji Rebellion in German East Africa, German military weekly newspaper, 1906**.

The chiefs spread it among their people that a spirit, living in the form of a snake, had given a magic medicine to a medicine man. The medicine guaranteed a good harvest, so that in future people would no more need to perform wage labor for foreigners in order to obtain accustomed luxuries. The medicine would also give invulnerability, acting in such a way that enemy bullets would fall from their targets like raindrops from a greased body. It would strengthen women and children for the flight customary in wartime, with the associated hardships and privations, and protect them from being seized by the victorious attackers, who were accustomed to taking women and children with them as war prizes. The medicine consisted of water, maize, and sorghum grains. The water was applied by pouring it over the head and by drinking. The German officer was trying to allude to the fact that the East Africans believed that they had a protective medicine that would save them from bullets, saying that they would "fall from their targets like raindrops", and death if they tried to attack the Europeans. He might also be saying that the East Africans could be preparing for a rebellion with this new-found "magic medicine" of "invulnerability" and that this rebellion needs to be stopped before it starts. The Africans would've probably made claims like these in order to rally support and hope among their own people in the face of the overwhelming might of the European guns. With this disillusioned hope, the Africans could possibly fight back against the Europeans more fiercely than before.
 * ** What is the message the German military officer was trying to send about the East Africans? Give evidence from the document to support your claim **
 * **Why do you think the Africans made such claims?**

=__//**Document 8**://__= Smithsonian Institution sponsored African expedition for Theodore Roosevelt, 1909-1910. Photo was used as an illustration in Theodore Roosevelt's book, "African Game Trails" published in 1910.

This is a picture of a man and an elephant, the mans seems to be proud of it as if its an accomplishment, also it seems like he has a gun in his hand so maybe he probably shot the elephant to death or enough to paralyze it. This pictures purpose to represent something in a book, maybe it could have been this guys accomplishments and it is clear that it was taken in Africa and it could also show that Africa has a lot of elephants or that they are easy to capture there. This shows how people could do whatever they wanted in Africa and how it didn't really have a government, people went in and did what they wanted and no one stopped them like this man ho killed this elephant, no one stopped him from doing it. = = =__//**Document 9**://__= A lot of industries benefitted from African resources like: Fabrics, soap, candles, clothes, tires, handles, instruments, billiard balls, coins metal alloys electrical wiring, ammunition, jewelry, tools, rope and twine. These are all the industries in Europe that benefited from the African resources. I think that Great Britain was the one who had the most valuable colony which was Rhodesia and this is because in their colony they had gold and Diamond which are the two most valuables materials that you can find. This document could be used to explain the primary reason for imperialism in Africa because it shows what types of materials that each European nation got from the colonies and how each one could be used for either industrial or economic use, in other words this is showing how they were benefiting from all of this. =__//**Document 10**://__= "Colonialism’s greatest misdeed was to have tried to strip us of our responsibility in conducting our own affairs and convince us that our civilization was nothing less than savagery, thus giving us complexes which led to our being branded as irresponsible and lacking in self-confidence. . . The colonial powers had assimilated each of their colonies into their own economy. Our continent possesses tremendous reserves of raw material and they, together with its potential sources of power, give it excellent conditions for industrialization. . ." Sekou Toure, West African nationalist, 1962
 * **Describe the person and objects in this photo.**
 * **What is the purpose of the photograph?**
 * **What economic or social implications does this photo indicate about Africa in 1909?**
 * **What European industries benefited from African resources?**
 * **Which European country do you feel had the most valuable colonies? Why?**
 * **How could this document be used to explain the primary reason for European imperialism in Africa?**
 * In 1962, what was the response of this West African nationalist to years of colonialism?

He didn't like it and he thought it was wrong. He thought that it was an act that shouldn't have happened and as he said this was the "greatest misdeed" Him and every other African believes that what they did was wrong and unacceptable, they came in and just Africa a part of their economy and they did this by completely stripping them of their resources and their rights.

=Final assessment := https://docs.google.com/document/d/1q2NCMVIoGNtYwIYhdXGZzzAhaUcURUya80Kf37MOk68/edit = =